Transforming Knowledge
into Actionable Expertise

Prior to 2006, children could testify after promising to tell the truth as long as they could answer questions that demonstrated that they understood the meaning of truth and lies and the importance of telling the truth. Research challenged this practice by demonstrating that the ability to explain the difference between truths and lies and to discuss the moral implications of lying were not strongly related to truth telling.

Psychologists often group decision-making into two systems that work together: System 1 makes fast decisions, while System 2 makes slow decisions.

System 1 uses heuristics — mental shortcuts or general rules for making quick decisions. System 1 automatically and unconsciously makes snap judgements that are efficient. Snap judgements are good enough for most daily living activities, but in forensic settings they can lead to errors that have life-altering effects.

Forensic interviewing is a critical component in investigations, requiring a nuanced approach to gather accurate information while ensuring the interviewee’s well-being. Adhering to established best-practice guidelines enhances the effectiveness and integrity of these interviews. Below, we explore five foundational guidelines that underpin effective forensic interviewing models. Forensic interviewing should be: memory informed, client centred, strength based, culturally agile, and trauma informed.

Forensic interviewing requires a structured yet adaptable approach to gather accurate, legally defensible information across diverse cases and individuals. Here’s how flexibility in forensic interviewing ensures effective communication, ethical practices, and reliable outcomes.